NC Tool Table - LAB

Before proceeding with this step note the relative sizes of the “holes” in the Work Area display on the NC Drill layers (14,15 & 16)


Open NC Tool Table from the Tables pull down menu.


First, set the units to Millimeters. 
(Note that the Size column still indicates Mil – disregard)


Enter the Drill Sizes and Usage into the table. 
Refer to the layer definitions in the Readme text file in the Gerber file directory for drill tool sizes and plating.


Use the Tool Table pull down menu to change between Tables for the 3 Drill layers.


Click OK to exit the NC Tool Table menu.


What does the Work Area display for layers 14 15 & 16 look like now?


Save your work using File/Save.

NC Tool Table - Video

Watch a demonstration of the PADS Drill Macro here:

NC Tool Table

The NC Tool Table contains drill sizes.
Get to the NC tool table from the Tables pull down menu.

There will be a Tool Table that corresponds to each NC Drill layer.
This happens automatically when the files are auto-imported.

In this case there is a table for each layer set. (drill pair).



To enter drill sizes in a table:

1. Select the desired table from the Tool Table pull down menu.
2. Set the units as desired.
3. Enter the drill size in the Size column (Note that the column headingremains as Mils even though millimeters are set as Dialog units).Refer to the Drill Report for the drill tool sizes.
4. Set the Usage checkbox to indicate holes are Plated or Unplated. 
5. Do steps 1 through 3 for each drill set table.

For PowerPCB and Allegro users there are also macros available that will automatically load the Tool Table. The macro will not, however, work with multiple drill sets.

Instead of entering the NC drill sizes manually as described earlier in this section use the Macro pull-down menu to select and run the Pads Drill macro.

The next blog post will demonstrate the use of the Pads drill macro.

Aligning Layers (Move Alignment) - LAB

Now, turn on all layers except the two partial drill layers (CAM_DemoNC1-4.D and CAM_DemoNC3-4.D).


From the Edit pull down menu select Move.

• Note the instructions in the Command Status area of the Status Bar that will assist you in stepping through this procedure.

Press the “W” key to select Group Mode (Note the shape of the cursor).

• Note that the lower left tooling hole of the through drill layer (CAM_DemoNC1-6.D) is already located at the origin. Therefore we’ll be moving only the Board area layers (CAM_DemoNC1-4.D and

CAM_DemoNC3-4.D must be off).

Remember: to perform a netlist comparison, the CAM origin must be located in the same location as it is in the PCB design.


Remember: layers may be freely turned on or off to facilitate selection.


Place the cursor in one corner of the window and click with the LMB.


Drag the cursor to the opposite corner and click again with the LMB.


All selected elements that will move will become highlighted.


Commit to the selection by clicking the RMB (note the cursor change shape) or make a new selection as previously described.


Click on the Source alignment (use the lower left tooling hole) object using the LMB.


Remember the alignment object must be present in both the reference layer and the layer to be aligned.


Command Status changes to:
Move the cursor to the Destination alignment point and click once with the LMB. 


Complete the move by clicking the RMB.

Use the “Move” command in the same way to line up the remaining partial drill layers with the rest of the layers.


Save your work using File/Save (the file is saved to the name you assigned with the Save As command previously in section 6)


Use the Cam_Demo_Aligned.CAM file as a reference if you have any questions.

Experiments:

• Try moving some objects using “Grid Snap” in stead of “Object Snap”.

• Toggle the Grid display using the “V” key.

• Change the grid using Grid Snap pull down menu. What happens when you select Panoramic from the View menu?

• What happens in the Panoramic window when you zoom in and out?

• What happens to the Work Area display when you click the cursor in the Panoramic Window?

Aligning Layers (Move Alignment) - Video

To view a demonstration of the Move Alignment Procedure, watch this video:

Aligning Layers (Move Alignment)

Another means of alignment is by physically moving a layer or group of layers, 
again using “Object Snap” as the means of alignment.


From the Edit pull down menu, select Move.

Follow the directions that will appear in the Command Status area of the Status Bar.

Press the “W” key to select Group Mode (Note the shape of the cursor).

In this mode the cursor is used to form a window around the group to be moved. 
Place the cursor in one corner of the window and click with the LMB. 
Drag the cursor to the opposite corner and click again with the LMB. 
All selected elements will become highlighted.


Remember: 
Layers may be freely turned on or off to facilitate selection.


Commit to the selection by clicking the RMB (note the cursor shape) 

or  make a new selection as previously described.



The Command Status changes to:

Make sure the “Snap to Object” button is pressed.

Click on the Source alignment object using the LMB.


Remember the alignment object must be present in both the reference layer
and the layer to be aligned.


The Command Status changes to:

Note that a “virtual selection” box appears with the cursor at the location of the Source alignment point.


Move the cursor to the Destination alignment point and click once with the LMB. 
The “virtual selection” will snap to align with that point.
Complete the move by clicking the RMB.


Remember: 
To perform a netlist comparison, the CAM origin must be located in the same location as it is in the PCB design. Use a combination of Object Snap and Grid Snap, if necessary, to align all layers with the origin.




The next blog post will show how to align layers and move their alignment.
Keep subscribing to my blog!

Aligning Layers (Layer-to-Layer Alignment) - LAB

The layers and drills have been deliberately offset.


First we’ll align layer 1 with layer 2 using Edit/Layers > Align.


Turn off all but layers 1 and 2. 
(These layers should be CAM_DemoL1.PHO and CAM_DemoL2.PHO respectively).

• CAM_DemoNC3-4.DNote the instructions in the Command Status area of the Status Bar that will assist you in stepping through this procedure.

•  Make sure the “Snap to Object” (“Z”) button is pressed on the Status Bar.

Select the lower left mounting hole on layer 2. 

Click on the object using the LMB (Left mouse button) then “Commit” to this selection by clicking the RMB (right mouse button.).

• Note how the “Page Up” and “Page Down” keys can be used to increase or decrease the “pick” area of the cursor.

• Note that layers may be freely turned on or off to facilitate selection.

Select the complimentary object on the layer to be aligned with the LMB then commit to the object with the RMB.

• Note the fact that this procedure cannot be undone. 

A warning message allows an opportunity to abort if necessary.


Clicking the RMB a second time completes the operation aligning the two layers.

Aligning Layers (Layer-to-Layer Alignment) - Video

Here's a demonstration of the Layer-to-Layer Alignment procedure:

Aligning Layers (Layer-to-Layer Alignment)

Once loaded, the layers and drills may not be aligned.
(For this demonstration they have been deliberately offset).

Before any meaningful analysis can be done all the elements must be aligned to each other and also to the origin.


Note: 
It is essential that the origin of the CAM350 elements match the origin of PCB design file.




Alignment can be performed in two ways. 
The first, Edit/Layers > Align…

Follow the directions that will appear in the Command Status area of the Status Bar.

Select the point on the “reference layer” to which the “offset layer” layer will be aligned. This object must be present on both layers. 

Choose a mounting hole or other prominent feature.

Note that layers may be freely turned on or off to facilitate selection.

Make sure the “Snap to Object” button is pressed.

Click on the object using the LMB (Left mouse button) then “Commit” to this selection by clicking the RMB (right mouse button.).

The Command Status changes to:

Select the complimentary object on the layer to be aligned with the LMB then commit to the object with the RMB.

Clicking the RMB a second time completes the operation aligning the two

layers.

Note that this procedure cannot be undone. 

A warning message allows an opportunity to abort if necessary.

Layer Table and Defining Layers - LAB

Use the Tables pull down menu or the “y” hotkey to access the Layer Table. 


Refer to the layer definitions in the Readme text file in the Gerber file directory for the correct layer Types.


Assign Draw and Flash colors. Then exit the menu.




Experiment

• Can you figure out what the file types are by looking at the layers?

• What happens to the colors in the Layer Bar?

• Can you change the layer names?

• Turn off all but two layers. Set one of the layers to Ref using the status button. 

           What happens when you redraw the display? 

• What happens if you try to select an object on the REF layer? 

           (Use Edit/Move or Copy as a selection device).

Layer Table and Defining Layers - Video

Here is a demonstration of the Layer Table setup procedure:

Ordering Layers - LAB

From the Edit pull down menu, select Layers/Reorder.

(Note the layer order as it appears in the Active Layer pulldown window.)

On the Reorder Layers popup menu, click on a line item and drag it to a new location in the layer order.

When all layers have been placed in the desired order, click on the Renumber button.

Exit by clicking on the OK button with the LMB.

(Note the layer order as it now appears in the Active Layer pulldown
window.)

Ordering Layers - Video

Here's how ordering layers is done in CAM350:

Ordering Layers

Each Gerber file that has been imported represents a “Layer” of the design. 


If we could see a cross section of the design we would see that each of these layers occupies a unique physical space from top to bottom. Putting the layers in a specific order is more of a user choice issue than an operational requirement. In fact, the order means nothing. It’s simply conducive to the sanity of the user.


From the Edit pull down menu, select Layers/Reorder.

When the Reorder Layers popup menu appears, 

click on a line item and drag it to a new location in the layer order.

Before Reorder

After Reorder

When all layers have been placed in the desired order, click on the Renumber button.

This will assign a new layer number that corresponds to the numbers on the layer bar.

Exit this menu by clicking on the OK button with the LMB.

The next blog will show a demonstration of the Layer Reordering procedure.

Importing Gerber and Drill Data - Video

Here's how to import gerber and drill data using CAM350:

Importing Gerber and Drill Data

Use File/New to begin a new CAM350 session.

Then, select File/Import/Auto Import. 

Set a path to the directory that contains the Gerber and NC Drill data. 

Select the appropriate button for English or Metric, then select Finish. 

Cam350 will automatically select and load the Gerber and NC drill files 

(selecting Next allows the user to select the files that will be loaded).

If you’re a PowerPCB user you will see a pop up warning of “Unassigned Tools.

This concerns drill sizes which have not yet been set and is normal behavior.

A video tutorial to show this process will be posted on the next blog.

Subscribe to this blog and learn more about using CAM350 for PCB Designers.

Creating an IPC-D-356 Netlist - Video Tutotial

Here's a video on how to create an IPC-D-356 Netlist in CAM350:

Creating an IPC-D-356 Netlist

Verification of photo plots to the original design database is made possible by an IPC-D-356 Netlist. This type of netlist consists of connection information in an ordinate format – or a virtual 3 dimensional description of any net. 

Take a look at the following examples of netlist formats:

A simple netlist, such as might be generated by typical schematic capture software consists only of part/pin connection references.

Schematic Netlist:

*SIGNAL* NET_1
U1.1 U2.1


The same IPC-D-356 netlist connection generated from the CAD database by CAM350 would look like this:

CAD Data IPC Netlist:

317NET_1 VIA MD 500PA00X+ 2700Y+ 2000X1000Y S0
317NET_1 VIA MD 500PA00X+ 13400Y+ 2000X1000Y S0
327NET_1 U1 -1 A01X+ 2690Y+ 4550X 600Y2100 S2
327NET_1 U2 -1 A01X+ 13390Y+ 4550X 600Y2100 S2


And the same extracted net from the fabrication data by CAM350 would look like this:

Extracted Netlist:

317$Net0 VIA MD 500PA00X+ 2700Y+ 2000X1000Y S0
317$Net0 VIA MD 500PA00X+ 13400Y+ 2000X1000Y S0
327$Net0 VIA A01X+ 13390Y+ 4550X 600Y2100 S2
327$Net0 VIA A01X+ 13400Y+ 3000X 150Y S2
327$Net0 VIA A01X+ 2690Y+ 4550X 600Y2100 S2
327$Net0 VIA A01X+ 2700Y+ 3000X 150Y S2


Whether you can read this or not doesn’t matter, that’s what the software’s for.


CAM350 uses the PCB design database (as opposed to Gerber and NC drill data) to produce the reference IPC-D-356 netlist to which the fabrication materials will be compared.

Begin by opening a new session of CAM350.

From the File pull down menu, import CAD Data and select the appropriate CAD format.

Set a path to the ASCII file and Open it.

Numerous queries and warnings will pop up. For the purpose of creating the IPC-D-356 netlist, it’s not necessary to Extract Polygons for net checking.

…and you can acknowledge the warnings that follow.

Once the ASCII file has loaded, Export the IPC-D-356 netlist:

From the File/Export/Netlist select the IPC-D-356 option.

Click OK with the LMB, set a path and filename for the netlist and Save it.

There is no need to save the imported ASCII file once the IPC-D-356 netlist has been saved.

CAM350 User Interface

The CAM350 Window consists of a:

• Menu Bar
• Tool Bar
• Layer Bar
• Working Area
• Status Bar 
• and “Panorama” window pane.

The Toolbar, Layer Bar, Status Bar and Panorama Windows are enabled from the View Pull down menu.

Other viewing functions include: Window, (Zoom) All, Redraw, (Zoom) In and Out, and Pan

functions may also be accessed from the View menu. (Pan isn’t a pan in the true sense – it re-centers the view at the current cursor location).

Note that to the right of each of these keys is a “hotkey” that may alternately be used to perform the function.

The other pull-down menu options will be discussed in order of relevance as we progress through this tutorial.

The appearance of the Toolbar will vary according to the function being performed but there are always three pull down selections available.

From left to right they are:

1. The Grid setting. 

    This pull down options lets the user select the Grid-Snap spacing.

2. The second pull down is the Active D-Code selector. 

     It has no practical application in this context.

3. The Active Layer pull down selection sets the “Active Layer”. 

    The active layer is noted by a red box in the cell (No. 1) and indicates the layer that will 

    not be turned off by an All Off command. A blue box (No.16) indicates the layer that 

    appears “on top” of the display.

Note that the pull down selector has the full name of the photo plot or NC

Drill file associated with a particular layer number.

The Status Bar has 3 parts:

1. The left section (0,0:0,0) is readout of the cursor X-Y position in project units.

2. The center area (Select Command) shows the status of any command that may be active.

3. The right area consists of 5 “buttons”…>

which toggle their functions as follows:

“Z” causes the cursor to snap to an object. In this mode the cursor will snap to the center of a “Flash” or the end of a “Draw”.

“S” enables the cursor to snap to the grid (as set by the Snap pull down selector from the Toolbar pull down).

“V” toggles the grid display on and off.

The “T” and “H” have no relevance to this tutorial.

The status of these buttons can be changed either by pressing the corresponding keyboard key or by placing the cursor over the button and “clicking” the Left Mouse Button (LMB).



The Panorama Bar shows a “Thumbnail” picture of the viewing area referenced to the design extents in a “Window Pane” that may be moved around in the work area.

CAM350 for PCB Designers - Overview

CAM350 is a multi-use tool for printed circuit board design and fabrication. It can be used to verify CAM materials that have been created by other PCB design tools such as PowerPCB or Cadence. It can be used to prepare those same materials for various processes such as step and repeat, panelization or adjusting feature sizes to compensate for fabrication variables. It can even be used to design a PCB board from the ground up or reverse engineer a PCB design from existing photo plots.


This tutorial will focus on the first of these applications – using CAM350 to verify Gerber and NC Drill data that has been created by another PCB design tool.


Now, all PCB design tools have DRC (design rule check) utilities to verify connectivity and spacing rules. But these utilities only check the rules against the Design Database. CAM350 has the ability to check the design database against the actual materials that will be used to manufacture the PCB. This adds an extra layer of protection from errors that can be
introduced either inadvertently by incorrect settings in the utility used to generate the fabrication materials, or the potential inability of the design software to detect certain errors.


Additionally, we’ll look at the output capabilities of CAM350 to create check plots, Gerber and NC files, and a “smart” ODB++** database that is compatible with Valor-Genesis software.


The necessary steps will typically be explained with text and graphics. However, most operations will also be demonstrated with “live action” using on-screen digital video media.


You do not need any special software installed to use this tutorial.


Materials for this tutorial were created using PowerPCB V5.0.1 and CAM350 V7.5.2.


* CAM350 is a registered trademark of Downstream Technologies
** ODB++ is the property of Valor Computerized Systems
# PowerPCB is a registered trademark of Mentor Graphics